Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	9
Number of observations	2000
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	730
Duplicate rows (%)	36.5%
Total size in memory	140.8 KiB
Average record size in memory	72.1 B

Variable types

Numeric	8
Categorical	1

Warnings

Dataset has 730 (36.5%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`Pregnancies` is highly correlated with `Age`	High correlation
`Age` is highly correlated with `Pregnancies`	High correlation
`Pregnancies` is highly correlated with `Age`	High correlation
`SkinThickness` is highly correlated with `Insulin`	High correlation
`Insulin` is highly correlated with `SkinThickness`	High correlation
`Age` is highly correlated with `Pregnancies`	High correlation
`BloodPressure` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`Insulin` is highly correlated with `DiabetesPedigreeFunction`	High correlation
`BMI` is highly correlated with `BloodPressure` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`SkinThickness` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`Pregnancies` is highly correlated with `Age`	High correlation
`DiabetesPedigreeFunction` is highly correlated with `Insulin`	High correlation
`Age` is highly correlated with `Pregnancies`	High correlation
`Pregnancies` has 301 (15.0%) zeros	Zeros
`BloodPressure` has 90 (4.5%) zeros	Zeros
`SkinThickness` has 573 (28.6%) zeros	Zeros
`Insulin` has 956 (47.8%) zeros	Zeros
`BMI` has 28 (1.4%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-06-20 14:05:37.412593
Analysis finished	2021-06-20 14:05:56.247683
Duration	18.84 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

Pregnancies
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	17
Distinct (%)	0.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.7035

Minimum	0
Maximum	17
Zeros	301
Zeros (%)	15.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	3
Q3	6
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	17
Range	17
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.306063033
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8926861166
Kurtosis	0.409867576
Mean	3.7035
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.9823655943
Sum	7407
Variance	10.93005278
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=17)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	356	17.8%
0	301	15.0%
2	284	14.2%
3	195	9.8%
4	191	9.6%
5	141	7.0%
6	131	6.6%
7	100	5.0%
8	96	4.8%
9	70	3.5%
Other values (7)	135	6.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	301	15.0%
1	356	17.8%
2	284	14.2%
3	195	9.8%
4	191	9.6%
5	141	7.0%
6	131	6.6%
7	100	5.0%
8	96	4.8%
9	70	3.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	3	0.1%
15	2	0.1%
14	7	0.4%
13	22	1.1%
12	23	1.1%
11	24	1.2%
10	54	2.7%
9	70	3.5%
8	96	4.8%
7	100	5.0%

Glucose
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	136
Distinct (%)	6.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	121.1825

Minimum	0
Maximum	199
Zeros	13
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	80
Q1	99
median	117
Q3	141
95-th percentile	181
Maximum	199
Range	199
Interquartile range (IQR)	42

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	32.06863565
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2646309133
Kurtosis	0.5603705831
Mean	121.1825
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	20
Skewness	0.1588058725
Sum	242365
Variance	1028.397392
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	49	2.5%
100	44	2.2%
102	39	1.9%
129	37	1.8%
112	36	1.8%
95	36	1.8%
106	36	1.8%
105	34	1.7%
111	33	1.7%
120	33	1.7%
Other values (126)	1623	81.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	13	0.7%
44	2	0.1%
56	3	0.1%
57	5	0.2%
61	3	0.1%
62	2	0.1%
65	3	0.1%
67	2	0.1%
68	7	0.4%
71	9	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
199	3	0.1%
198	2	0.1%
197	8	0.4%
196	5	0.2%
195	8	0.4%
194	10	0.5%
193	6	0.3%
191	2	0.1%
190	3	0.1%
189	8	0.4%

BloodPressure
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	47
Distinct (%)	2.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	69.1455

Minimum	0
Maximum	122
Zeros	90
Zeros (%)	4.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	43.8
Q1	63.5
median	72
Q3	80
95-th percentile	90
Maximum	122
Range	122
Interquartile range (IQR)	16.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.18831482
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2775063426
Kurtosis	5.32848981
Mean	69.1455
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	8
Skewness	-1.854476017
Sum	138291
Variance	368.1914255
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=47)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
74	145	7.2%
70	144	7.2%
78	128	6.4%
68	125	6.2%
64	120	6.0%
72	118	5.9%
80	98	4.9%
62	94	4.7%
76	93	4.7%
60	92	4.6%
Other values (37)	843	42.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	90	4.5%
24	2	0.1%
30	3	0.1%
38	3	0.1%
40	2	0.1%
44	11	0.5%
46	6	0.3%
48	13	0.7%
50	31	1.6%
52	29	1.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
122	3	0.1%
114	3	0.1%
110	7	0.4%
108	5	0.2%
106	9	0.4%
104	5	0.2%
102	3	0.1%
100	9	0.4%
98	8	0.4%
96	8	0.4%

SkinThickness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	53
Distinct (%)	2.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	20.935

Minimum	0
Maximum	110
Zeros	573
Zeros (%)	28.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	23
Q3	32
95-th percentile	44.05
Maximum	110
Range	110
Interquartile range (IQR)	32

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	16.10324291
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7692019541
Kurtosis	0.1555797786
Mean	20.935
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	12
Skewness	0.2072281256
Sum	41870
Variance	259.3144322
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	573	28.6%
32	83	4.2%
30	75	3.8%
23	60	3.0%
27	58	2.9%
18	54	2.7%
28	54	2.7%
39	52	2.6%
33	51	2.5%
31	50	2.5%
Other values (43)	890	44.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	573	28.6%
7	3	0.1%
8	6	0.3%
10	13	0.7%
11	14	0.7%
12	21	1.1%
13	30	1.5%
14	15	0.8%
15	33	1.7%
16	15	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
110	2	0.1%
99	2	0.1%
63	3	0.1%
60	2	0.1%
59	2	0.1%
56	3	0.1%
54	4	0.2%
52	4	0.2%
51	3	0.1%
50	7	0.4%

Insulin
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	182
Distinct (%)	9.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	80.254

Minimum	0
Maximum	744
Zeros	956
Zeros (%)	47.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	40
Q3	130
95-th percentile	293
Maximum	744
Range	744
Interquartile range (IQR)	130

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	111.1805335
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.385358157
Kurtosis	5.128261644
Mean	80.254
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	40
Skewness	1.996084356
Sum	160508
Variance	12361.11104
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	956	47.8%
105	31	1.6%
140	24	1.2%
180	23	1.1%
130	22	1.1%
120	21	1.1%
100	20	1.0%
135	17	0.9%
94	17	0.9%
76	17	0.9%
Other values (172)	852	42.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	956	47.8%
14	3	0.1%
15	3	0.1%
16	3	0.1%
18	5	0.2%
22	3	0.1%
23	4	0.2%
25	2	0.1%
29	3	0.1%
32	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
744	2	0.1%
680	2	0.1%
600	2	0.1%
579	4	0.2%
545	2	0.1%
540	3	0.1%
510	3	0.1%
495	5	0.2%
485	3	0.1%
480	7	0.4%

BMI
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	247
Distinct (%)	12.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	32.193

Minimum	0
Maximum	80.6
Zeros	28
Zeros (%)	1.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	21.8
Q1	27.375
median	32.3
Q3	36.8
95-th percentile	45.01
Maximum	80.6
Range	80.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	9.425

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.149900701
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2531575405
Kurtosis	4.131722134
Mean	32.193
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.7
Skewness	-0.09045533681
Sum	64386
Variance	66.42088144
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
31.2	33	1.7%
32	33	1.7%
31.6	29	1.5%
0	28	1.4%
33.3	27	1.4%
32.8	25	1.2%
32.4	25	1.2%
32.9	24	1.2%
30.8	24	1.2%
29.7	22	1.1%
Other values (237)	1730	86.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	28	1.4%
18.2	8	0.4%
18.4	2	0.1%
19.1	2	0.1%
19.3	3	0.1%
19.4	2	0.1%
19.5	6	0.3%
19.6	6	0.3%
20	3	0.1%
20.1	5	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
80.6	2	0.1%
67.1	3	0.1%
64.4	2	0.1%
59.4	3	0.1%
57.3	3	0.1%
55	3	0.1%
53.2	3	0.1%
52.9	3	0.1%
52.7	2	0.1%
52.3	4	0.2%

DiabetesPedigreeFunction
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	505
Distinct (%)	25.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.47093

Minimum	0.078
Maximum	2.42
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.078
5-th percentile	0.141
Q1	0.244
median	0.376
Q3	0.624
95-th percentile	1.136
Maximum	2.42
Range	2.342
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.38

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3235525587
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.687050217
Kurtosis	5.006839839
Mean	0.47093
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.168
Skewness	1.811978894
Sum	941.86
Variance	0.1046862582
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.258	16	0.8%
0.207	15	0.8%
0.52	13	0.7%
0.261	13	0.7%
0.238	13	0.7%
0.268	13	0.7%
0.292	13	0.7%
0.284	12	0.6%
0.259	12	0.6%
0.551	12	0.6%
Other values (495)	1868	93.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.078	2	0.1%
0.084	2	0.1%
0.085	5	0.2%
0.088	6	0.3%
0.089	2	0.1%
0.092	2	0.1%
0.096	3	0.1%
0.1	3	0.1%
0.101	2	0.1%
0.102	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.42	3	0.1%
2.329	2	0.1%
2.137	3	0.1%
1.893	2	0.1%
1.781	2	0.1%
1.731	3	0.1%
1.699	2	0.1%
1.698	3	0.1%
1.6	3	0.1%
1.476	2	0.1%

Age
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	52
Distinct (%)	2.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	33.0905

Minimum	21
Maximum	81
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	21
5-th percentile	21
Q1	24
median	29
Q3	40
95-th percentile	58
Maximum	81
Range	60
Interquartile range (IQR)	16

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.78642311
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3561875193
Kurtosis	0.8263829494
Mean	33.0905
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7
Skewness	1.181267223
Sum	66181
Variance	138.9197696
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
22	192	9.6%
21	166	8.3%
25	134	6.7%
24	122	6.1%
23	103	5.1%
28	98	4.9%
26	84	4.2%
27	81	4.0%
29	70	3.5%
31	58	2.9%
Other values (42)	892	44.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
21	166	8.3%
22	192	9.6%
23	103	5.1%
24	122	6.1%
25	134	6.7%
26	84	4.2%
27	81	4.0%
28	98	4.9%
29	70	3.5%
30	56	2.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
81	3	0.1%
72	3	0.1%
70	3	0.1%
69	6	0.3%
68	3	0.1%
67	10	0.5%
66	12	0.6%
65	8	0.4%
64	3	0.1%
63	13	0.7%

Outcome
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	15.8 KiB

0	1316
1	684

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	2000
Distinct characters	2
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	1
2nd row	0
3rd row	1
4th row	1
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1316	65.8%
1	684	34.2%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1316	65.8%
1	684	34.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1316	65.8%
1	684	34.2%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	2000	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1316	65.8%
1	684	34.2%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	2000	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1316	65.8%
1	684	34.2%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	2000	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1316	65.8%
1	684	34.2%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Pregnancies	Glucose	BloodPressure	SkinThickness	Insulin	BMI	DiabetesPedigreeFunction	Age	Outcome
0	2	138	62	35	0	33.6	0.127	47	1
1	0	84	82	31	125	38.2	0.233	23	0
2	0	145	0	0	0	44.2	0.630	31	1
3	0	135	68	42	250	42.3	0.365	24	1
4	1	139	62	41	480	40.7	0.536	21	0
5	0	173	78	32	265	46.5	1.159	58	0
6	4	99	72	17	0	25.6	0.294	28	0
7	8	194	80	0	0	26.1	0.551	67	0
8	2	83	65	28	66	36.8	0.629	24	0
9	2	89	90	30	0	33.5	0.292	42	0

Last rows

	Pregnancies	Glucose	BloodPressure	SkinThickness	Insulin	BMI	DiabetesPedigreeFunction	Age	Outcome
1990	3	111	90	12	78	28.4	0.495	29	0
1991	6	102	82	0	0	30.8	0.180	36	1
1992	6	134	70	23	130	35.4	0.542	29	1
1993	2	87	0	23	0	28.9	0.773	25	0
1994	1	79	60	42	48	43.5	0.678	23	0
1995	2	75	64	24	55	29.7	0.370	33	0
1996	8	179	72	42	130	32.7	0.719	36	1
1997	6	85	78	0	0	31.2	0.382	42	0
1998	0	129	110	46	130	67.1	0.319	26	1
1999	2	81	72	15	76	30.1	0.547	25	0

Most frequently occurring

	Pregnancies	Glucose	BloodPressure	SkinThickness	Insulin	BMI	DiabetesPedigreeFunction	Age	Outcome	# duplicates
245	2	81	72	15	76	30.1	0.547	25	0	6
99	0	173	78	32	265	46.5	1.159	58	0	5
247	2	83	65	28	66	36.8	0.629	24	0	5
256	2	89	90	30	0	33.5	0.292	42	0	5
345	3	80	0	0	0	0.0	0.174	22	0	5
424	4	99	68	38	0	32.8	0.145	33	0	5
425	4	99	72	17	0	25.6	0.294	28	0	5
444	4	125	70	18	122	28.9	1.144	45	1	5
498	5	110	68	0	0	26.0	0.292	30	0	5
569	6	154	74	32	193	29.3	0.839	39	0	5

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequently occurring